The International Journal in Service Excellence is a refereed journal published by Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University and is published twice a year.  The mission of the journal is to be the leading outlet for the best research in e-solutions in business, management, services, tourism, hospitality, and catering. It is dedicated to the creation and dissemination of cutting-edge knowledge about the issues of great strategic relevance facing the service industries in various sectors. The journal encourages communication and the sharing of experience and expertise between academics and practitioners. Articles reflect a mix of theoretical frameworks blended with experiences, best practices, and case studies, to ensure practical implications based on sound intellectual and theoretical rigor.